Fact-sheet: Human Immunodefiency Virus encephalitis - HIV


Updated on 09/17/2021 at 12:16 PM

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Definition

Encephalitis secondary to HIV infection, involving the white matter, basal ganglia and brainstem, associated with early cortico-subcortical atrophy

Clinical features

- subcortical dementia
- behavioral disturbances
- cognitive impairment.
- "AIDS dementia complex" or "cognitive-motor syndrome": amnesia, loss of attention, loss of perception, apathy, then tremors and motor disturbances.

CT

Early cortical-subcortical atrophy.
Low sensitivity for white matter changes

MRI

- extensive, bilateral, symmetric areas of T2 hyperintensity with ill-defined outer margins (value of the FLAIR-T2 sequence)
- sparing of the peripheral subcortical white matter
- early cortical-subcortical atrophy, with early predominance.